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- <text id=91TT2303>
- <title>
- Oct. 14, 1991: Tumult in the Reading Rooms
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Oct. 14, 1991 Jodie Foster:A Director Is Born
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- RELIGION, Page 57
- Tumult in the Reading Rooms
- </hdr><body>
- <p>Christian Science reverses its stand on an "unsound" book. Was
- it to fulfill the terms of a $90 million will?
- </p>
- <p>By Richard N. Ostling--Reported by Robert Ajemian/Boston
- </p>
- <p> Being a Christian Scientist has never been easy. The
- Boston-based religion denies the reality of material existence,
- which means that sin, evil and disease are not real, either. One
- consequence of this metaphysical view is the famous Christian
- Science practice of shunning medical treatment. The belief has
- also led to a growing number of prosecutions of devout parents
- who have denied the use of lifesaving measures to their
- critically ill children.
- </p>
- <p> Now Christian Science is further beset--by doctrinal
- tumult. Last month many members of the faith were shocked when
- sedate reading rooms around the world began displaying a book
- that had been deemed unsound by church officialdom more than
- four decades ago. The Destiny of the Mother Church, by Bliss
- Knapp, claims that the faith's 19th century originator, Mary
- Baker Eddy, was virtually a second Christ. This flies in the
- face of Eddy's own claims to be no more than the inspired
- founder and leader of the movement. Official publication of the
- volume has led to a rare outburst of protest from within the
- ranks, with critics charging that apostasy has resulted from
- both a bizarre bequest and the faith's financial crisis.
- </p>
- <p> It is impossible to gauge the extent of the alleged money
- crunch, since Scientists are given little information on church
- affairs. The church is governed by a five-member Board of
- Directors with near-absolute powers. Nonetheless, Stephen
- Gottschalk, a former editor at the church's headquarters,
- contends that losses from the Mother Church's media operations
- alone will reach at least $70 million this year (approaching the
- estimated overall headquarters income of $85 million).
- </p>
- <p> Membership figures are even harder to come by, since Mrs.
- Eddy ordered that they be kept secret. Outside estimates put
- the current total at around 150,000. By all indications, the
- ranks are thinning--and aging. One source holds that since the
- 1950s, the worldwide number of "practitioners," the rough
- equivalent of clergy, has plummeted from 9,800 to 2,750.
- </p>
- <p> The current imbroglio over heresy and money can be traced
- back to 1983, when the church hired John H. Hoagland Jr. to run
- its media operations. One of Hoagland's first acts was to
- curtail spending on Eddy's daily newspaper, the money-losing
- Christian Science Monitor. He began to pour tens of millions of
- dollars into World Monitor magazine, a nightly cable-TV news
- program, a Boston UHF station and, especially, a 24-hour cable
- service, Monitor Channel, founded in May.
- </p>
- <p> What is the link with Destiny? Disillusioned church
- members assert that the book was published in order to obtain
- a bequest of $90 million from the Knapp family, whose fortune
- was based on California agriculture, real estate and oil. The
- writer's father Ira was a member of Eddy's inner circle, and the
- book represents the author's reminiscences and beliefs
- concerning the founder. Those beliefs were rejected by the
- ruling board in 1948, shortly after the volume first appeared.
- Under the terms of the bequest, the Knapp fortune was destined
- to go to Stanford University and the Los Angeles County Museum
- of Art unless the church changed its decision and made the book
- available by 1993.
- </p>
- <p> Destiny appears to advocate a semi-divine change in the
- status of Eddy, the New England visionary who first began
- propounding her creed in 1866. According to Knapp, her arrival
- as a religious figure was foretold by the biblical prophet
- Isaiah ("thy seed shall inherit the Gentiles"). Knapp further
- contends that Eddy's "work or assignment was complementary to
- that of Christ Jesus."
- </p>
- <p> The church's tolerance of Knapp's teaching led its former
- longtime archivist, Lee Z. Johnson, to send a protest letter to
- the board and reading rooms worldwide. The claims of Destiny,
- he said, are "incorrect" and a "deviation," harsh terms in
- Christian Science. But according to Hoagland, the publication
- of Knapp's work is nothing more than an act of pluralism. "This
- commotion is not about the Bliss Knapp book," he says. "It's
- about our move into television. These critics simply don't
- approve. So they search for reasons to attack the church."
- </p>
- <p> There is no sign that the board is about to change its
- mind or relinquish any of its authority. Nor are there any
- indications that the Destiny furor will lead to a full-blown
- schism. But for some faithful Scientists, the foundations of the
- Mother Church are shaking.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
-